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目的：探讨霍乱流行特点与地理分布的关系，进一步了解霍乱弧菌在自然界生存、繁殖的相关因素。方法：运用相关性研究、回顾性队列研究、多变量统计分析、因果判断和实验研究方法。结果：特殊的地理环境，适宜的气候条件，不良的饮食卫生习惯是构成霍乱多发疫区的重要因素；霍乱弧菌适合在总盐量、氯化物、钠离子和几丁质含量高的环境中生存。结论：控制霍乱流行的重点应放在多发疫区，预防策略是改善多发疫区的地理环境和卫生习惯，治本的措施是改造盐碱地，消除霍乱弧菌生存的有利环境，加强改水改厕力度，切断传播途径；有效地开展健康教育，改变人群不健康行为。
Objective: To explore the relationship between the epidemic characteristics of cholera and its geographical distribution, and further understand the factors related to the survival and reproduction of Vibrio cholerae in nature. Methods: Using the correlation study, retrospective cohort study, multivariate statistical analysis, causal judgments and experimental research methods. Results: The special geographical environment, suitable climatic conditions and poor diet and hygiene habits are the important factors that make up the cholera-prone area. Vibrio cholerae is suitable for the environment with high total salt, chloride, sodium and chitin content survive. Conclusion: The focus of controlling the epidemic of cholera should be placed on multiple epidemic-prone areas. The preventive strategy is to improve the geographical environment and hygiene habits of the endemic areas. The remedy is to rehabilitate the saline-alkali land and eliminate the favorable environment for the survival of Vibrio cholerae. , Cut off the route of transmission; Effectively carry out health education, changing people’s unhealthy behavior.