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近年来,澳大利亚一直热中于双边特惠贸易协定(PTA)的谈判。此举的纯经济效益如何,最多也只能说,至今依然不清楚。尽管某些PTA谈判活动始终存在着很大的防御性成分,但是霍华德政府也利用这些协定去争取非经济的目标,比如,推进自己的外交政策、维护自身的安全利益等。本文全面概述了澳大利亚的PTA政策以及它所产生的问题和难题。尤其有意义的是,文章对陆克文工党政府的贸易政策可能导致的前景进行了展望与思考。对政策的制定及其结果来说,每一种前景都具有不同的含义。文章指出,如果工党政府选择继续其所偏好的、传统的非歧视性贸易政策,就可能会带来巨大的回报,但是,多边贸易体制的鼎盛期已经过去,世界发生了相当大的变化。要想担当重振多边主义的重任,就需要坚强的政治领导、富于想象力的思考和创造性的外交政策。
In recent years, Australia has been aggressively negotiating bilateral preferential trade agreements (PTAs). The pure economic benefits of this move, at best, can only say that it is still not clear. Although some PTA negotiations always have a large defensive component, the Howard government also uses these agreements to fight for non-economic goals, such as advancing its own foreign policy and safeguarding its own security interests. This article provides a comprehensive overview of Australia’s PTA policy and the issues and problems it creates. Of particular significance is the article’s outlook and reflection on the prospects that the Rudd Labor government’s trade policy may lead to. Every prospect has a different meaning to policy formulation and its consequences. The article pointed out that if the Labor government chooses to continue its preferred traditional non-discriminatory trade policy, it may bring huge returns. However, the heyday of the multilateral trade system is over and the world has undergone considerable changes. To assume the important task of revitalizing multilateralism requires strong political leadership, imaginative thinking and creative foreign policy.