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航空事故法律概念的界定是国际航空运输索赔的前提和基础,影响着承运人责任的认定和旅客权益的保护。国际公约对航空事故的概念采取模糊性处理,并将其交由各国国内法解决。我国《民用航空法》使用比《蒙特利尔公约》中航空事故更宽泛的航空事件这一术语,《民用航空器事故和飞行事故症候调查规定》与《国际民用航空公约》附件13“航空事故”确定因素不一致等问题。为了接轨国际公约和指导航空实践,本文建议我国《民用航空法》将航空事件改为航空事故,《民用航空器事故和飞行事故症候调查规定》中航空事故的地点因素改为时间因素。
The definition of the legal concept of aviation accident is the premise and basis of international air transport claims, which affects the determination of carrier’s liability and the protection of the rights and interests of passengers. International conventions take the ambiguity of the concept of aviation accidents and hand them over to the domestic laws of various countries. Our Civil Aviation Law uses the term broader than aviation accidents in the Montreal Convention. The Civil Aviation Accident and Flight Incident Investigation Regulations and the International Civil Aviation Convention, Annex 13, Aeronautical Accident, Determining factors such as inconsistencies. In order to integrate with international conventions and guide aviation practice, this paper suggests that China’s Civil Aviation Law change aviation events to aviation accidents. The location factors of aviation accidents in the Rules for the Investigation of Incidents of Civil Aircraft Accidents and Flight Accidents are changed to time factors.