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目的分析安阳市2014-2016年麻疹流行病学特征,总结全市消除麻疹工作进展情况。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对麻疹监测信息报告管理系统的麻疹个案进行分析。结果 2014-2016年全市共报告麻疹病例164例,年平均发病率1.37/10万。男女性别比为1.02∶1;发病年龄呈现<5岁婴幼儿和20~34岁成人为主的特征,散居儿童和农民是高发人群。病例中含麻疫苗0剂次者占44.51%,其中8~17月龄0剂次者占69.23%,18~59月龄0剂次者占22.58%。3年来麻疹发病趋势基本一致,2-7月发病最多,占病例总数的90.85%;内黄县报告发病率3年均较高;2015年全市多达47个乡(镇、办事处)有麻疹病例报告。结论近年全市麻疹疫情回升,消除麻疹任务艰巨。不同年龄麻疹发病水平差异较大,小年龄儿童是需要被重点关注的对象。提高疫苗接种率,加强麻疹监测,是降低麻疹发病率的关键措施。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles from 2014 to 2016 in Anyang, summarize the progress of eliminating measles in the city. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the measles cases of the measles monitoring information reporting management system. Results A total of 164 measles cases were reported in the city from 2014 to 2016, with an average annual incidence of 1.37 / 100,000. The male-to-female sex ratio was 1.02: 1. The age of onset was characterized by infants <5 years old and adults aged 20-34 years. Diaspora children and peasants were high risk groups. Among the cases, 44.51% of the patients were given the vaccine containing 0% of measles vaccine, among which, 69.23% were those with 0 to 8 months of age and 22.58% from 0 to 18 months of age. The incidence of measles in the past three years was basically the same, with the highest incidence in February-July, accounting for 90.85% of the total cases; the incidence in Neixian County was higher in three years; in 2015, up to 47 townships (towns and offices) Case Reports. Conclusion The epidemic situation of measles in the whole city rebounded in recent years, and the task of eliminating measles is arduous. The incidence of measles at different ages is quite different, with children under the age of majority needing to be the focus of attention. Increasing the vaccination rate and strengthening measles surveillance are the key measures to reduce the incidence of measles.