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本文在总结既有理论观点的基础之上,对存款的法律属性作了深入的解构和分析。从本质来看,存款天然是债权;对于原始存款,存款人向银行交付钞币后,形成存款人对银行的以还本付息为核心请求权的借贷债权;而经贷款转化而来的派生存款,只是建立在银行账目记录和支付凭证的基础之上,属于观念上的价值符号,更不可能是物权或保管合同之债。在此基础上,本文提出,由于存款合同具有公共性和不稳定性,保护存款人的根本措施就是要由国家提供架构合理、运作高效、利益平衡的制度安排,同时还要肯认银行抵销的优先权、完善存款执行制度。
Based on the conclusion of the existing theoretical points, this article deeply deconstructs and analyzes the legal attributes of deposits. In essence, the deposit is a natural creditor’s right; for the original deposit, after the depositor delivers the banknote to the bank, it forms the borrower’s claim that the depositor has the right to repay the principal and interest of the bank; and the derivative derived from the loan Deposits, which are based solely on the records of the bank’s accounts and on the vouchers for payment, are conceptual notations of value, much less property or custody liabilities. On this basis, this paper proposes that due to the publicity and instability of the deposit contract, the fundamental measure to protect the depositors is to provide the country with institutional arrangement with reasonable structure, efficient operation and balance of interests while acknowledging the bank offset Priority, improve the deposit execution system.