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本文引用美国1978年资料,估计修建梯田的投资,从农民的立场观点出发进行研究,论证修建梯田是否经济。在1-15％的斜坡土地上,研究并试验了坡道及排泄管道两种形式的梯田或地埂。修建梯田的政府投资部份,也进行了分析计算。对两种耕作管理水平和两种底层土壤形式,作为参数,进行研究试验。在伊林诺伊斯(Illinois)州,根据土壤原有的生产能力、可侵蚀性、底层土种类、坡度范围等,选择了一些普通土壤,应用土壤流失通用方程,估算各种情况下的土壤流失。采用1978年的谷类及豆类的价格,估算经济效益。研究分析指出:除少数情况外,农民愿意拿出部分生产收入,修建梯田,以控制土壤侵蚀。尽管这种研究分析结果,与效益的取得应与其他水土保持措施有关的意见相抵触,但应说明,我们的研究分析仅仅是估算修建梯田的直接效益。倘考虑其他侵蚀的投资,则修梯田的效益可以抵消其费用。至于为防止将来土壤流失所造成农业减产须促进水土保持,其所需增加的其他费用,理应由政府机构增加投资。在许多地方,土壤年年被侵蚀流失。每天有1200万吨沉积物流失,污染邻近48州的表层水质。这些流失的泥沙,损害了工程建筑物、农作物、野生植物。伊利诺斯州农业区的侵蚀量,每年超过1.81亿吨。在970万英亩的坡地中,只有14％适当地防治了侵蚀。控制侵蚀有很多措施,包括耕作制度或作物轮作。修造梯田也是一种控制侵蚀的有效措施,但修建梯田即使政府投资一部份,其费用也是昂贵的。这种昂贵的费用,妨碍了一些土地所有者对修造梯田的积极性。然而,让土壤被侵蚀无控制地发展下去,是要花代价的。土壤被侵蚀,最终将使产量降低、使下游河道淤塞、灾难造成。本文研究的目的,仅从农民的立场观点出发,论证修建梯田是否经济合理。我们是在伊利诺斯州几种坡道的土壤上,从土壤的生产能力、土壤的侵蚀性、底层土的种类、表土流失降低产量、耕作管理水平、以及修建梯田的投资等方面来进行经济合理的论证。
This article cites the data from the United States in 1978, estimates the investment in the construction of terraced fields, and studies from the standpoint of peasants to demonstrate whether the construction of terraced fields is economical. On 1-15% of the sloped land, two forms of terraces or terraces are studied and tested. The government investment in the construction of terraced fields has also been analyzed and calculated. Two kinds of tillage management level and two kinds of bottom soil form, as a parameter, research test. In Illinois, some common soils were selected based on their original productivity, erodibility, subsoil type, and slope extent, and the general equation of soil loss was used to estimate soil loss under various conditions . Using the prices of cereals and beans in 1978, we estimate the economic benefits. Research and analysis pointed out: Except for a few cases, farmers are willing to take part of their production income and build terraces to control soil erosion. Although the results of such research and analysis may contradict the opinions that the acquisition of benefits should be related to other soil and water conservation measures, it should be made clear that our research and analysis are only an estimate of the direct benefits of the construction of terraces. If consideration is given to other eroding investments, the benefits of repairing the terraces can offset their costs. As for the additional costs that need to be added to prevent soil erosion in future, the Government should increase the investment in agricultural production to promote soil and water conservation. In many places, the soil is eroded by age. Every day, 12 million tons of sediment is lost, contaminating the surface water quality of the neighboring 48 states. The loss of sediment, damage to the construction of buildings, crops, wild plants. Erosion in Illinois agricultural areas exceeds 181 million tons per year. Of the 9.7 million acres of slopes, only 14% control erosion properly. There are many measures to control erosion, including cropping systems or crop rotation. Building terraces is also an effective measure to control erosion, but the cost of building terraces, even as part of government investment, can be expensive. This expensive cost hindered the enthusiasm of some landowners in building terraces. However, controlling soil erosion uncontrollably is costly. Erosion of the soil will eventually reduce production, silting downstream channels and causing disasters. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate whether the construction of terraces is economic and reasonable only from the standpoint of peasants. We operate on several types of slopes in Illinois from the point of view of soil productivity, soil erosion, subsoil type, topsoil loss reduction, cropping management, and investment in the construction of terraces Reasonable argument.