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探望权制度是我国2001年4月28日通过的《婚姻法》修正案新增加的一项内容。根据《婚姻法》第38条第1款的规定,探望权的主体只能是离婚后不直接抚养子女的父亲或母亲。本文结合我国实际,通过研究探望权主体范围的理论基础、中外相关立法和学者的不同学说,分析祖父母、外祖父母等第三人成为探望权主体的必要性和可行性,认为特别情况下,祖父母、外祖父母对于未成年的孙子女、外孙子女,兄、姐对于未成年的弟、妹也应享有探望权;立法应该适当扩大探望权的义务主体的范围,规定未成年子女的代抚养人有协助探望的义务并且增设“子女最佳利益原则”作为授予探望权主体探望权的最高指导原则。
Visiting right system is a new addition to the amendment to the Marriage Law passed by China on April 28, 2001. According to article 38, paragraph 1, of the Marriage Act, the subject of visitation rights can only be the father or mother who does not directly raise children after divorce. Based on the reality of our country, this article analyzes the necessity and feasibility of making the third party such as grandparents and grandparents the right to visit by studying the theoretical basis of the scope of the main body of visiting visas, the different theories of Chinese and foreign related legislation and scholars, and concludes that under special circumstances, grandparents Grandparents should also enjoy visitation rights to underage brothers and sisters for minor grandchildren, grandchildren, brothers and sisters. Legislation should appropriately expand the scope of the main body of obligation to visit and provide for minor dependents The obligation to assist in visits and the addition of the “principle of the best interests of children” as the supreme guiding principle in granting visitation rights to visitors.