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以渝香糯1号为材料,于2014-2015年在四川德阳进行大田试验,研究施氮量(120 kg N hm-2,N120、180 kg N hm-2,N180)、施氮模式(底:蘖=7:3,MA、底:蘖:穗=5:2:3,MB)、移栽密度(15.0万穴hm-2,D1、19.5万穴hm-2,D2、24.0万穴hm-2,D3)3种农艺措施对糯稻产量形成特点和稻米品质的影响.结果表明:施氮量对糯稻产量影响不显著,与N120相比,N180产量增加了1.7%.随着移栽密度的增加,糯稻产量呈增加趋势,其增产优势主要表现在有效穗和生物产量上.2014年采用MB施氮模式产量略低于MA,有效穗、每穗粒数、结实率、生物产量和收获指数居劣势是其产量减少的主要原因;2015年MB产量较MA增加了2.8%,其增产优势主要表现在每穗粒数、结实率、生物产量和收获指数上。施氮量和移栽密度对糯稻加工品质影响不明显.与MA相比,MB糯稻淀粉、支链淀粉分别增加了0.7%~7.46%、0.5%~7.80%.随着移栽密度的增加,糯稻淀粉、支链淀粉呈增加趋势.综合考虑糯稻产量和稻米品质,施氮量120 kg hm-2、施氮模式底:蘖:穗=5:2:3、移栽密度24.0万穴hm-2为本试验的最优组合处理,可实现糯稻产量和稻米品质的协同提高.
A field experiment was conducted in Deyang, Sichuan province from 2014 to 2015 to study the effects of nitrogen application rate (120 kg N hm-2, N120, 180 kg N hm-2, N180) : Tiller = 7: 3, MA, bottom: tiller: spike = 5: 2: 3, MB), transplanting density (150,000 hm-2, D1,195,000 hm-2, D2,240,000 hm -2, D3) on the yield formation and quality of glutinous rice.The results showed that nitrogen application had no significant effect on the yield of glutinous rice, and the yield of N180 increased by 1.7% compared with N120. With the increase of transplanting density , The yield of glutinous rice showed an increasing trend, and its yield-increasing superiority mainly reflected in effective spike and biological yield.The MB yield was slightly lower than that of MA, effective panicle, grains per panicle, seed setting rate, biomass yield and harvest in 2014 Indigenous disadvantage is the main reason for the decrease in production. MB production in 2015 was 2.8% higher than that of MA, and its yield-increasing advantage mainly reflected in grains per spike, seed setting rate, biomass yield and harvest index. Compared with MA, MB glutinous rice and amylopectin increased by 0.7% -7.46% and 0.5% -7.80%, respectively.With the increase of transplanting density, Glutinous rice starch and amylopectin showed an increasing tendency. Considering the yield of glutinous rice and the quality of rice, the nitrogen application rate was 120 kg hm-2, the rate of nitrogen application was: tiller: ear = 5: 2: 3, transplanting density 240,000 hm- 2 is the optimal combination treatment of this experiment, synergistic improvement of glutinous rice yield and rice quality can be achieved.