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1.冲击水流的物理概念。 当上游来水,遇到桥墩干扰,产生扰动波、桥墩附近形成壅水驻波,桥墩中心形成强正激波,两侧形成斜激波。圆端形桥墩的斜激波线(称滑波环)如图1所示:尖端形桥墩的斜激波线如图2所示。当水流到达尖端形桥墩A点后,受到挤压,发生正向转折,形成斜激波线AC。于斜激波线下游,水流沿AB方向流动,过B点又发生扩散(反向转折),产生降水干扰波,形成斜激波线BC。过了斜激波线BC,水流又回复到原来的流向。 当桥墩头部受到水流冲击,水流的一部分动能转为位能,水面升高,水深加大,形成壅
1. The physical concept of water impact. When the incoming water reaches upstream, it encounters the interference of bridge piers and produces disturbing waves. The standing waves of water are formed near the piers. Strong positive shock waves are formed in the center of piers and oblique shock waves are formed on both sides. The diagonal shock wave line (called the slip ring) of a round-ended piers is shown in Figure 1: The diagonal shock wave line of the tip pier is shown in Fig.2. When the water reaches the top of the pier A point, subject to extrusion, a positive turning occurred, the formation of oblique shock line AC. Downstream of the oblique shock wave, the water flows in the AB direction, and then diffuses (turns in the opposite direction) again at point B to generate an interference wave of precipitation to form the oblique shock line BC. After the oblique shock wave line BC, water flow back to the original flow. When the pier head by the impact of water flow, part of the kinetic energy into potential energy, the water surface increases, the water depth increases, forming 壅