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目的了解现阶段中小学生课业簿册存在的问题,从视力保护、缓解用眼疲劳以及促进青少年健康成长的角度分析制订中小学生课业簿册安全卫生标准的必要性。方法采用定性和定量研究相结合的方法,调查上海市12所普通中小学校的二～四年级和七年级共3 500名学生、3 400名家长和166名教师,召开由多部门专家参与的专题座谈会,了解现行学生课业簿册存在的问题、相关的标准以及新标准中亟待规范的内容等。结果学生、教师和家长一致认为课业簿册存在的质量问题主要是经不起橡皮擦拭(44.0%,71.7%,66.3%)和纸张过薄(34.6%,56.6%,41.3%)。90%以上的教师,70%左右的学生和家长报告写字经常或偶尔超出作业本的格线范围。当前广大中小学生使用的课业簿册普遍纸张克重偏低、颜色过白、行间距过小,还有潜在的安全隐患。目前中国还没有专门针对学生课业簿册的视觉卫生和有毒物或损伤防制等方面的卫生要求。结论开展中小学生课业簿册安全卫生标准的研制,提出符合中国国情的课业簿册安全卫生与质量要求,对于加强学生视力保护、缓解用眼疲劳、促进青少年健康成长以及节约经济成本等方面具有积极意义。
Objective To understand the problems existing in the books of primary and middle school students in current period and to analyze the necessity of formulating the standards of books and books for primary and middle school students from the aspects of eyesight protection, alleviating eye fatigue and promoting the healthy growth of adolescents. Methods Using qualitative and quantitative methods, a total of 3 500 students, 3 400 parents and 166 teachers from the second to fourth grades and the seventh grade in 12 ordinary primary and secondary schools in Shanghai were surveyed to hold a special topic Symposium to understand the existing problems in the students book books, related standards and the new standard in the content to be standardized. Results The students, teachers and parents agreed that the quality problems of the book were mainly erased (44.0%, 71.7%, 66.3%) and paper too thin (34.6%, 56.6%, 41.3%). More than 90% of teachers, about 70% of students and parents report writing frequently or occasionally beyond the scope of the work of the grid. Currently the majority of primary and secondary school books used in school books generally low weight, color over white, line spacing is too small, there are potential security risks. At present, China does not have specific hygiene requirements for visual hygiene and poisonous substances or injury prevention and control for students’ academic books. Conclusion The development of primary and secondary school students ’book safety and health standards and the requirements of safety and health and quality of books and books conforming to Chinese national conditions have positive significance in strengthening students’ eyesight protection, alleviating eye fatigue, promoting the healthy growth of young people and saving economic costs.