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Irradiation effects of swift heavy ions (SHI) on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) have been investigated over many years. When the swift heavy ion injects into solid, it induces along its trajectory a cylindrical zone of ionization and electronic excitation called latent track. The structure damage inside the latent track attracts lots of attentions. It has been proved that SHI irradiation of HOPG causes changes from graphite to nanocrystalline graphite, and later changes from nanocrystalline graphite to amorphous carbon, finally produces sp3 hybridization carbon of ta-C[1]. It was reported that graphite can be transformed into diamond phase by MeV electron and ion irradiation at temperature above 600℃[2] or simply by very high energy heavy ion irradiation at lower temperature[3, 4]. sp3 hybridization also has been found after highly charged ions impacting on HOPG at room temperature[5]. Here, the transition from sp2 to sp3 hybridization was confirmed on the surface of HOPG after bombarding by swift heavy ions at room temperature through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy.
Irradiation effects of swift heavy ions (SHI) on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) have been investigated over many years. It induces along its trajectory a cylindrical zone of ionization and electronic excitation called latent track. The structure damage inside the latent track attracts lots of attentions. It has been proved that SHI irradiation of HOPG causes changes from graphite to nanocrystalline graphite, and later changes from nanocrystalline graphite to amorphous carbon, finally produces sp3 hybridization carbon of ta-C [1 ]. It was reported that graphite can be transformed into diamond phase by MeV electron and ion irradiation at temperature above 600 ° C [2] or simply by very high energy heavy ion irradiation at lower temperature [3, 4]. Sp3 hybridization also has been found after highly charged ions impacting on HOPG at room temperature [5]. Here, the transition from sp2 to sp3 hybridization was was on the surface of HOPG after bombarding by swift heavy ions at room temperature by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy.