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作物多样性种植能够有效减少病虫危害,显著增加产量,但其中的机理尚不清楚。太阳辐射是最重要的影响因子之一。本试验研究了玉米净作(A)及玉米/大豆2:2(B,2行玉米2行大豆)和2:4(C,2行玉米4行大豆)两种间作模式下,玉米冠层内太阳辐射强度的时空变化。研究结果表明,多样性种植可在不同高度上对玉米植株间的受光强度和受光时间产生明显影响。在玉米穗期,相比净作,在30cm高度上,B和C模式下光强都超过了2倍,在70cm高度上,光强超过10倍。花粒期,在110、160和210cm位置上,相比净作,B和C模式下光强分别提高了5倍、2倍和12%,而且随着测量高度的下降,间作模式下光强下降较为缓慢。从第7–18叶,相比净作,各叶位间作模式下光强平均增加2倍,而且日有效辐射时间平均提高了5小时。此外,玉米的一些生物学性状,如千粒重、每株产量和穗位叶叶面积等也表现出间作B和C模式都显著高于净作。因此,间作提高了玉米的受光强度和有效辐射时间,是改善玉米生物学性状的重要因子。
Planting of crop diversity can effectively reduce pests and diseases, significantly increase the yield, but the mechanism is not clear. Solar radiation is one of the most important influencing factors. In this experiment, the effects of maize net crop (A) and corn / soybean 2: 2 (B, 2 rows of maize with 2 rows of soybean) and 2: 4 (C, 2 rows of maize with 4 rows of soybean) Temporal and spatial variation of solar radiation intensity inside. The results showed that the diversity of planting at different heights on the corn plant light intensity and light time significantly affected. At maize heading, light intensities in both B and C modes more than doubled at 30 cm height compared to net work, and light intensity exceeded 10 times at 70 cm height. At the 110th, the 160th and the 210th centipedes, the light intensities increased by 5 times, 2 times and 12% in the B and C modes respectively at the anthesis stage, and with the decreasing of the measurement height, the light intensity in the intercropping mode Decline more slowly. From the 7th to the 18th leaves, compared with the net, the light intensities increased by 2 times on average between the leaf positions and the average effective radiation time increased by 5 hours. In addition, some of the biological characteristics of maize, such as 1000-grain weight, yield per plant and ear leaf area also showed that intercropping B and C patterns were significantly higher than net work. Therefore, intercropping increased the light intensity and effective radiation time of maize, and was an important factor to improve maize biological traits.