论文部分内容阅读
稻米品质性状的遗传分析表明 :三套遗传控制体系对各品质性状具有不同的遗传效应。胚乳核基因主要以加性方式作用于直链淀粉含量、碱消值和粒长 ,以显性方式作用于胶稠度和蛋白质含量 ,粒重的直接加性效应和直接显性效应几乎同等重要 ;而母体植株核基因主要以显性方式作用于直链淀粉含量、胶稠度、碱消值、粒长、粒宽和粒重 ,长宽比的母体加性效应与母体显性效应差异不大。基因型×环境互作对稻米品质性状的影响一般为母体效应×环境互作和细胞质×环境互作 ,但胶稠度、蛋白质含量和粒重三性状还存在直接加性×环境的互作。不同品质性状的遗传率大小、来源均有一定差异 ,直链淀粉含量、碱消值和粒重以直接遗传率为主 ,而胶稠度、蛋白质含量和长宽比以及粒重的互作遗传率主要表现为母体互作遗传率 ,胶稠度主要表现为直接互作遗传率。稻米品质性状的杂种优势包括胚乳直接杂种优势 (简称胚乳杂种优势 )和母体杂种优势。直链淀粉含量、胶稠度、碱消值和粒重既具有胚乳杂种优势 ,又具有母体杂种优势 ;蛋白质含量仅存在胚乳杂种优势 ,而粒长、粒重和长宽比只有母体杂种优势。此外 ,环境对直链淀粉含量、胶稠度和长宽比的杂种优势有较大的影响。
Genetic analysis of rice quality traits showed that three sets of genetic control systems had different genetic effects on each quality trait. The endosperm nuclear genes mainly act on amylose content, alkaline consumption and grain length in an additive manner, and act on the gel consistency and protein content in a dominant manner. The direct and direct dominance effects of grain weight are almost as important as the direct dominance effect. However, the maternal plant nuclear genes mainly act on the amylose content, gel consistency, alkali consumption value, grain length, grain width and grain weight, and the maternal additive effect and maternal dominance effect are not obvious. The effects of genotype × environmental interactions on rice quality traits are generally maternal effects × environmental interactions and cytoplasm × environmental interactions, but there are still direct additive × environmental interactions in gel consistency, protein content and grain weight. The heritability of different quality traits had some differences in origin, amylose content, alkali consumption value and grain weight in direct heritability, while the gel consistency, protein content and aspect ratio, and grain weight heritability Mainly for the maternal interaction heritability, gel consistency mainly for the direct interaction of heritability. Heterosis of rice quality traits included direct endosperm heterosis (referred to as endosperm heterosis) and maternal heterosis. Amylose content, gel consistency, base value, and grain weight had both endosperm heterosis and maternal heterosis. The protein content contained only the endosperm heterosis, while the grain length, grain weight and aspect ratio had only maternal heterosis. In addition, the environment has a greater impact on the amylose content, gel consistency and aspect ratio heterosis.