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卫氏并殖吸虫病是我国重要的食源性寄生虫病之一,其病原体通过蝲蛄、溪蟹传播,可寄生于人体及多种哺乳动物组织、脏器内,引起肺吸虫病。我国是重要的卫氏并殖吸虫分布国度,有25个省(市、自治区)有分布卫氏并殖吸虫的报告。在卫氏并殖吸虫分类地位的研究中,仅靠形态学技术很难全面揭示该虫种的分子多样性。近些年来,随着分子生物学技术的发展,采用各种分子方法对卫氏并殖吸虫进行分类和鉴定的技术展现出很大的优势。分子遗传技术的应用也为阐明卫氏并殖吸虫的生物学、流行病学和遗传学特性提供了有效的手段和方法。但是,这些分子方法的敏感性和特异性以及其检测时间和花费又有着明显的差异,需要根据不同的研究场合使用相应的方法。分子方法的应用能更好地揭示卫氏并殖吸虫的流行病学和进化的特性,并能为该虫引起的疾病提供更为有效的诊断方法和防控手段。因此,该文概述了我国用于卫氏并殖吸虫分子鉴定和遗传进化的分子手段和方法。
Paragonimus westermani is one of the important food-borne parasitic diseases in our country. Its pathogens spread through the catfish and crab and can be parasitic on the human body and various mammalian tissues and organs to cause paragonimiasis. China is an important distribution of Paragonimus westermani, and 25 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) have reported Paragonimus westermani. In the study of the taxonomic status of Paragonimus westermani, it is difficult to fully reveal the molecular diversity of the species by morphological techniques alone. In recent years, with the development of molecular biology techniques, the technique of using various molecular methods to classify and identify Paragonimus westermani has shown great advantages. The application of molecular genetic technology also provides an effective means and method for elucidating the biological, epidemiological and genetic characteristics of Paragonimus westermani. However, the sensitivity and specificity of these molecular methods, as well as the obvious differences between their detection time and cost, require that they be used according to different research situations. The application of molecular methods can better reveal the epidemiological and evolutionary characteristics of Paragonimus westermani and provide more effective diagnostic methods and control measures for the disease caused by the pest. Therefore, this paper summarizes the molecular methods and methods used in the molecular identification and genetic evolution of Paragonimus westermani in China.