论文部分内容阅读
经济系统与环境系统关系的失衡引发资源和环境危机。宏观管理决策者越来越重视衡量经济发展所付出的资源环境代价,迫切需要提高经济系统的资源利用效率。自21世纪初以来,基于经济系统物质流分析的物质流指标和以资源产出率为代表的衍生指标工具在国内外资源环境宏观管理政策实践中日渐受到重视,有关国家结合国情积累了不少正反经验。该文首先对经济系统物质流指标在日本、德国等部分发达国家及国际机构的政策应用进行总结,包括目标制定及相关行动等;其次对中国与资源产出率密切相关的资源效率政策及行动进行了回顾;最后,将中国与日本、德国等国的资源效率政策进行了比较。研究表明:相比发达国家,中国更偏重于资源消耗总量控制来提高资源利用效率,资源效率政策和行动方案更综合全面,但在技术创新上激励不足。在此基础上,建议中国未来进一步重视资源效率政策,尽快制定符合中国特点的资源消耗指标体系。
The imbalance between the economic system and the environmental system has triggered a crisis of resources and the environment. Increasingly, macroeconomic policymakers are weighing the cost of resources and the environment for economic development and there is an urgent need to improve the efficiency of resource use in the economic system. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the material flow indicators based on the analysis of the material flow of the economic system and the derivative indicator tools represented by the output of resources have drawn increasing attention in the policy of macroscopic management of resources and environment both at home and abroad. The countries concerned have accumulated a great deal of their resources Positive and negative experience. This paper first summarizes the policy application of material flow indicators of economic system in some developed countries and international agencies such as Japan and Germany, including the goal formulation and related actions. Second, it analyzes the resource efficiency policies and actions closely related to the resource productivity in China Finally, we compare the resource efficiency policies of China with Japan, Germany and other countries. Research shows that compared with developed countries, China places more emphasis on total resource consumption control to improve resource utilization efficiency. Resource efficiency policies and action plans are more comprehensive and comprehensive, but they are not motivated by technological innovation. On this basis, it is suggested that China attach more importance to the resource efficiency policy in the future and formulate an indicator system of resource consumption in line with China’s characteristics as soon as possible.