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气象观测是研究测量和观测地球大气的物理和化学特性以及大气现象和观测手段的一门学科。测量和观察的内容主要有大气气体成分浓度、气溶胶、温度、湿度、压力、风、大气湍流、蒸发、云、降水、辐射、大气能见度、大气电场、大气电导率以及雷电、虹、晕等。它包括地面气象观测、高空气象观测、大气遥感观测和气象卫星探测等,统称大气探测。由各种手段组成的气象观测系统,能观测从地面到高层、从局部到全球的大气状态及其变化。
Meteorological observations are a discipline that studies the physical and chemical properties of the Earth’s atmosphere, as well as atmospheric phenomena and means of observation. The main contents of measurement and observation include atmospheric gas concentration, aerosol, temperature, humidity, pressure, wind, atmospheric turbulence, evaporation, cloud, precipitation, radiation, atmospheric visibility, atmospheric electric field, atmospheric conductivity, and lightning, rainbow, halo, etc. . It includes ground-based meteorological observations, high-altitude aerial imagery observations, atmospheric remote-sensing observations, and meteorological satellite detections. These are collectively referred to as atmospheric exploration. A meteorological observation system composed of various means can observe the state of the atmosphere and its changes from the ground to the high level, from the local to the global.