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地膜覆盖栽培技术应用的发展,带动和促进了我国地膜覆盖机械的研制与推广。由于机械铺膜具有作业质量好、工效高、抢农时、省地膜和作业成本低等优点,受到农民的欢迎。一、铺膜工艺及铺膜机结构地膜覆盖栽培的主要特点是用塑料薄膜把含有一定水、肥的疏松土壤,从地表上包盖起来,造成一个新的农田生态系统,起增温保温、提墒保墒、保持土壤疏松、促进微生物活动、加速养分转化、抑制杂草生长和某些病虫活动等作用,有利于作物生长发育。可靠、经济地把地膜铺好盖好是地膜覆盖栽培取得成效的重要前提,也是对机械铺膜的基本要求。简单的机械铺膜装置由膜架、压膜轮、起土圆盘或铧铲组成。其工作过程是:地膜卷通过芯棒装卡在膜架上,膜卷的端头埋入地头土壤中,随着机器前进膜卷被抽拉而转动,连续放膜于已加工好的畦面上。机器前进的牵引力克服膜卷转动阻力所产生的纵向拉
The development of the application of plastic film mulching technology has driven and promoted the development and popularization of plastic mulching machinery in China. As a mechanical film has a good job quality, high efficiency, grab farmers, the provincial film and low operating costs, etc., welcomed by farmers. First, the filming process and film machine structure The main feature of plastic film mulching plastic film containing a certain amount of water and fertilizer loose soil, cover up from the surface, resulting in a new farmland ecosystem, from the warming insulation, Soil moisture conservation, keeping the soil loose, promoting microbial activity, accelerating nutrient conversion, inhibiting weed growth and some pest and disease and other activities, is conducive to crop growth and development. Reliable and economical coating of the plastic film is an important prerequisite for the success of plastic film mulching and also the basic requirement of mechanical film mulching. Simple mechanical filming device from the film frame, the film wheel, from the earth disc or Hua shovel composition. The working process is: the film roll through the mandrel mounted on the film holder, the end of the film roll buried in the soil, as the machine forward film roll is drawn and rotated, put the film in a row has been processed noodles on. Machine advance traction to overcome the film rolling resistance caused by longitudinal pull