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目的了解重庆市沙坪坝区成人慢性非传染性疾病(慢性病)及吸烟、饮酒等危险因素的分布情况,分析相关危险因素对高血压、糖尿病的影响。方法采用分层多阶段抽样法调查沙坪坝区成年居民1200人。利用2013年重庆市慢性病及危险因素监测调查问卷进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查,并进行高血压、糖尿病相关因素的χ2检验和多因素logistic回归分析。结果沙坪坝区成年居民吸烟率27.9%,饮酒率47.2%,超重率33.6%,肥胖率13.9%。男性吸烟、饮酒、超重率均高于女性(χ~2=396.830、249.130、4.240,P<0.05)。高血压患病率23.3%,糖尿病患病率8.8%,血脂异常率21.0%。男性高血压患病率高于女性(χ~2=6.195,P<0.05),随年龄增加有升高趋势(χ2=0.890,P<0.05),并在不同文化程度、婚姻状况、职业、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、体质指数中分布不同(均P<0.05)。糖尿病患病率随年龄增加有升高趋势(χ~2=0.257,P<0.05),并在不同文化程度、婚姻状况、职业、饮酒状况、体质指数中分布不同(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示:女性(OR=0.475)、文化程度增加(OR=0.835)是高血压的保护性因素,年龄(OR=1.505)、离退休(OR=1.128)、高血压家族史(OR=1.670)、体质指数增加(OR=2.496)、每周饮酒>5次(OR=2.387)是高血压的危险因素。每日运动量达6000步以上(OR=0.634)是糖尿病的保护因素,年龄(OR=1.540)、体质指数增加(OR=1.813)、高血压(OR=1.846)是糖尿病的危险因素。结论沙坪坝区成年居民高血压、糖尿病患病率较高,其发病与多种因素有关,应加强高血压、糖尿病的综合防治。
Objective To understand the distribution of chronic non-communicable diseases (chronic diseases) and smoking, drinking and other risk factors in Shapingba District of Chongqing and to analyze the influence of related risk factors on hypertension and diabetes. Methods The stratified multi-stage sampling method was used to investigate 1200 adult residents in Shapingba District. The questionnaires, physical examinations and laboratory tests were conducted using the 2013 Chongqing chronic disease and risk factors monitoring questionnaire, and χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression analysis of hypertension, diabetes related factors. Results The inhabitant smoking rate was 27.9%, the drinking rate was 47.2%, the overweight rate was 33.6% and the obesity rate was 13.9%. Male smoking, drinking, overweight rates were higher than women (χ ~ 2 = 396.830,249.130,4.240, P <0.05). Hypertension prevalence rate of 23.3%, diabetes prevalence rate of 8.8%, dyslipidemia rate of 21.0%. The prevalence of hypertension in males was higher than that in females (χ ~ 2 = 6.195, P <0.05), with increasing trend of age (χ2 = 0.890, P <0.05) Status, drinking status, body mass index distribution (P <0.05). The prevalence of diabetes increased with age (χ ~ 2 = 0.257, P <0.05). The prevalence of diabetes was different among different education levels, marital status, occupational status, drinking status and body mass index (all P <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female (OR = 0.475) and education level (OR = 0.835) were protective factors of hypertension with age (OR = 1.505), retirement (OR = 1.128), family history of hypertension OR = 1.670), body mass index (OR = 2.496), weekly drinking> 5 times (OR = 2.387) were risk factors for hypertension. Daily exercise more than 6,000 steps (OR = 0.634) is a protective factor of diabetes, age (OR = 1.540), body mass index (OR = 1.813), hypertension (OR = 1.846) is a risk factor for diabetes. Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in Shapingba District residents is high. The incidence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus should be closely related to various factors.