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变质甘蔗中毒是因食用霉变甘蔗而引起中枢神经系统损伤的一种中毒性疾病，主要发生在我国北方各省，发病急剧，病情凶险，预后危重，死亡率高。引起甘蔗霉变的病原菌能产生强烈的嗜神经毒素。本文观察了霉变甘蔗中毒性脑病患者神经组织活检标本的光学显微镜及电镜下的病理变化。观察结果提示，病理变化复杂，各种细胞成分均有不同程度损坏，主要表现为神经元固缩，胶质细胞变性、坏死，血管结构破坏，髓鞘损伤尤为突出。超微病理证实该病以神经组织的破坏性变化为主，后遗症期还伴有慢性反应性的病理变化。初步讨论了引起该病的中毒机理。
Metamorphic sugarcane poisoning is a toxic disease caused by eating moldy sugar cane and causing central nervous system damage. It occurs mainly in various provinces in the north of our country. The disease is characterized by acute onset, dangerous condition, critical prognosis and high mortality rate. Pathogens that cause moldy sugarcane produce strong psychotoxin. In this paper, the optical microscopy and pathological changes of nerve tissue biopsy specimens of patients with moldy sugarcane poisoning encephalopathy were observed. Observations suggest that the pathological changes complicated by various cellular components have varying degrees of damage, mainly manifested as neuronal pyknosis, degeneration of glial cells, necrosis, vascular structure damage, myelin damage is particularly prominent. Ultrastructural pathology confirmed the devastating changes in the main nervous tissue, sequelae accompanied by chronic reactive pathological changes. Preliminary discussion of the pathogenesis of the poisoning mechanism.