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王国维(一八七七年——一九二七年)字静安,号观堂,浙江海宁人。早年研究哲学和文学,晚年专攻西北边疆历史、地理及甲骨古文字。王氏是思想颇为顽固的清末遗老,中国封建主义的影响使他对旧民主主义革命不能理解,西方康德、叔本华的资产阶级学说又使他对现实生活悲观失望,在一九二七年六月二日自沉于颐和国昆明湖。但他的《人间词话》在“五四”以前的中国文学论坛上却脍灸人口。这本《词话》,篇幅不大,内容丰富,突破了中国传统的诗词话就事论事的模式,探索各种艺术底蕴,将中国古典文论和西方哲学、文学熔于一炉,形成一家之言。因此,它虽为论词之作,却包含了生动而丰富的美学思想。贯穿《人间词话》的基本论点是“境界”说;也是《词话》的核心,支配其它论点;又是全书的脉络,配合全部主张。王国维不仅把它看作创作原则,也把它当作批评标准,论谈诗词的演变,评价人的得失,词品的高低,无不从“境界”出发,这也是他的文艺思想的总归宿。
Wang Guowei (1877 - 1927) the word Jing An, No. View Church, Zhejiang Haining. Early years of philosophy and literature, his later years specializing in history and geography of the northwestern frontier, and ancient oracle bone script. Wang was a rather stubborn late Qing dynasty who had a rather thoughtful mind. The influence of Chinese feudalism made him unable to understand the old democratic revolution. Western bourgeois ideals of Kant and Schopenhauer made him feel disappointed with the real life. In 1927, On June 2, the year since Shen Yu Yi Kunming Lake. However, his “human world rhetoric” moxibustion the population before the “May 4th” China Literature Forum. This “fairy tale” is not large in size and rich in content. It has broken through the traditional mode of thinking about poetry and stories in China, explored various artistic details, and fused classical Chinese literary theories with Western philosophy and literature to form a saying. Therefore, although it is a treatise, it contains vivid and rich aesthetics. The basic argument that runs through “human speech” is the “state” theory; it is also the core of “speech” which governs other arguments; it is also the context of the book and supports all the assertions. Wang Guowei not only regards it as the principle of creation, but also regards it as the standard of criticism, discusses the evolution of poems, evaluates people’s gains and losses, and sets the level of his articles from the “realm”, which is also the total destination of his literary thoughts .