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与贸易、货币和汇率、发展援助领域的国际法律机制的多边化构造有所不同,外国投资保护领域的国际法律主要体现为双边化的构造。国际关系理论对于国际合作机制形式的边数选择尤其是“双边vs多边”“双边主义vs多边主义”提供了比较丰富的因果解释,可以应用于国际投资法律机制的双边化构造的理论解释。现实主义、新自由制度主义、建构主义、自由主义、路径依赖演化理论分别对于国际投资法律机制的双边化构造提出了谈判权力、交易成本、正当性、国内偏好、路径依赖等各种不同的解释。目前,双边化仍然是国际投资法律机制的主要形式,但区域化正在兴起,而多边化仍然存在可能性。
Different from the multilateral structure of international legal mechanisms in the fields of trade, currency, exchange rate and development assistance, the international law in the field of foreign investment protection is mainly embodied in the structure of bilateralization. International Relations Theory provides abundant causal explanations for the choice of multilateral cooperation mechanism forms, especially “bilateral vs multilateral” and “bilateralism vs multilateralism”, which can be applied to the bilateral structure of the international investment legal mechanism Theoretical explanation. Realism, neo-liberal institutionalism, constructivism, liberalism, and path-dependent evolutionary theories each provide various interpretations of the bilateral structure of international investment law mechanisms such as negotiating power, transaction costs, legitimacy, domestic preferences, and path dependence . At present, bilateralization is still the main form of the legal mechanism for international investment. However, regionalization is on the rise and multilateralization is still possible.