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This paper reviews the fire problem in critical transportation infrastructures such as bridges and tunnels.The magnitude of the fire problem is illustrated,and the recent increase in fire problems in bridges and tunnels is highlighted.Recent research undertaken to address fire problems in transportation structures is reviewed,as well as critical factors governing the performance of those structures.Furthermore,key strategies recommended for mitigating fire hazards in bridges and tunnels are presented,and their applicability to practical situations is demonstrated through a practical case study.Furthermore,research needs and emerging trends for enhancing the“state-of-the-art”in this area are discussed.