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目的:探讨miRNA-146a（miR-146a）、miRNA-196a2（miR-196a2）和miRNA-499（miR-499）单核苷酸多态性与肝细胞癌遗传易感性的关系。方法:采用病例对照研究设计。选取扬州大学附属医院2015年4月至2019年3月收治的肝细胞癌患者175例（肝细胞癌组）及同时期门诊体检的302名健康体检者（对照组）。应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性法检测两组外周血中miR-146a、miR-196a2和miR-499基因分型的分布情况，采用logistic回归模型分析3个miRNA的基因型、肝炎病毒感染者基因型与肝细胞癌遗传易感性的关系，采用Spearman相关分析法研究miR-146a基因多态性与人口学因素及临床特征间的关系。结果:肝细胞癌组miR-146a单核苷酸多态性位点CC、CG、GG基因型分别为52例（29.7%）、86例（49.1%）、37例（21.1%），对照组分别为137名（45.4%）、135名（44.7%）、30名（9.9%），两组间基因型分布差异有统计学意义（n χ2=17.23，n P0.05）。n 结论:miR-146a的GG和CG基因型增加肝细胞癌尤其HBV感染患者的遗传易感性；miR-196a2和miR-499单核苷酸多态性未增加肝细胞癌的发生风险。“,”Objective:To explore the association of miRNA-146a (miR-146a), miRNA-196a2 (miR-196a2), and miRNA-499 (miR-499) single nucleotide polymorphisms with genetic susceptibility in hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods:A case-control study was designed. A total of 175 patients (hepatocellular carcinoma group) in Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University from April 2015 to March 2019 and 302 healthy people undergoing physical examination during the same period (the control group) were selected. The genotype distribution of miR-146a, miR-196a2 and miR-499 in the peripheral blood of the two groups were detected by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association of 3 genotypes of miRNA, genotypes of hepatitis virus infectors with genetic susceptibility in hepatocellular carcinoma. The relationship between miR-146a gene polymorphism and demography factor as well as the clinical characteristics was also analyzed by using Spearman correlation analysis.Results:In hepatocellular carcinoma group, miR-146a single nucleotide polymorphism of CC, CG, GG site genotypes had 52 (29.7%) cases, 86 (49.1%) cases, 37 (21.1%) cases, respectively; in the control group, the corresponding genotypes had 137 (45.4%) cases, 135 (44.7%) cases and 30 (9.9%) cases, respectively, and the difference in genotype distribution of both groups was statistically significant (n χ2 = 17.23, n P 0.05).n Conclusions:GG and CG genotypes of miR-146a increase the risk of genetic susceptibility in hepatocellular carcinoma, especially for patients with HBV infection. miR-196a2 and miR-499 single nucleotide polymorphisms don't increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.