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本文采用文献研究的方法,集中回答三个问题:(1)什么是自愿性环保项目?(2)企业为什么积极参与自愿性环保项目?(3)企业真的通过自愿性环保项目提高了他们的环境绩效了吗?我们发现,企业参与自愿性环保项目的动机主要是阻止政府管制的出台,赢得参与政府管制立法过程的机会,以及赢得市场竞争优势。我们同时发现,绝大多数研究显示自愿性环保项目并投有达到促进企业改善其环境绩效的目的。自愿性环保项目不能带来企业环境绩效的原因一是企业参与自愿性环保项目的目的在参与该类项目后就可以实现,而不取决于环境绩效的真实改善;二是政府和市场这两种机制无法区分在参与自愿性环保项目的企业中,哪些真的提高了环境绩效,哪些没有。
This article adopts a literature review method to focus on three questions: (1) What is a voluntary environmental protection project? (2) Why does the company actively participate in voluntary environmental protection projects? (3) The company has really improved their performance through voluntary environmental protection projects. Environmental performance? We have found that the motivation for companies to participate in voluntary environmental protection projects is mainly to prevent the introduction of government regulations, to win the opportunity to participate in the government’s regulatory process, and to gain market competitive advantage. At the same time, we found that the vast majority of studies have shown that voluntary environmental protection projects are invested with the goal of promoting companies to improve their environmental performance. The reason why voluntary environmental protection projects cannot bring about environmental performance of enterprises is that the purpose of participating in voluntary environmental protection projects can be achieved after participating in such projects, without depending on the real improvement in environmental performance; the second is the government and the market. The mechanism cannot distinguish between those who have participated in voluntary environmental protection projects, which really improve environmental performance, and which do not.