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目的了解深圳市南山区公共场所集中空调冷却塔卫生管理状况及其冷却水嗜肺军团菌污染情况,并分析集中空调冷却塔卫生管理措施对冷却水嗜肺军团菌污染的影响。方法采用问卷调查和现场询问相结合的方式,于2013年对南山区37家公共场所集中空调冷却塔卫生管理状况进行调查,并采集冷却水水样进行嗜肺军团菌检测。结果目前南山区公共场所集中空调冷却塔卫生管理执行力度较差。不同清洗周期的冷却塔水嗜肺军团菌检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);定期向冷却水中投放防腐剂、除垢剂,定期对冷却水水质进行检测嗜肺军团菌阳性率分别为34.3%、30.0%,未进行上述二项处理的冷却水嗜肺军团菌阳性率分别为100.0%、71.4%,处理前、后冷却水嗜肺军团菌阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对冷却塔进行定期清洗,定期向冷却水中投放防腐剂、除垢剂,对冷却水水质进行定期检测,可以降低冷却水嗜肺军团菌污染的风险。
Objective To understand the health management of central air conditioning cooling towers in public places in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City and the contamination of Legionella pneumophila in cooling water and to analyze the influence of sanitary management measures of cooling towers on the Legionella pneumophila in cooling water. Methods By means of a combination of questionnaires and on-site inquiries, the health management of central air conditioning cooling tower in 37 public places in Nanshan District was investigated in 2013, and the water samples of cooling water were collected for the detection of Legionella pneumophila. Results Nanshan District, public places centralized air-conditioning cooling tower health management implementation is poor. The detection rate of Legionella pneumophila in cooling tower water with different cleaning cycles was statistically different (P <0.05). Preservatives and detergents were periodically added into the cooling water to regularly test the quality of cooling water Legionella pneumophila Respectively, 34.3% and 30.0% respectively. The positive rates of Legionella pneumophila in cooling water without these two treatments were 100.0% and 71.4%, respectively. The positive rates of Legionella pneumophila in cooling water before and after treatment were significantly different (P <0.05). Conclusions Regular cooling of the cooling tower, regular placement of preservatives and detergents into the cooling water, and periodic testing of the cooling water quality can reduce the risk of Legionella pneumophila in cooling water.