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对10个杂交稻组合在同一生态区5个不同海拔高度12个品质性状的变异特点进行了研究。结果表明,不同品质性状在不同海拔高度的变异存在很大差异,糙米率、精米率、粒长相对稳定,各组合平均变异系数仅为0.75%,0.60%和3.16%;而垩白度、垩白粒率波动较大,各组合平均变异系数高达92.28%和66.54%。通过聚类分析,可根据稻米品质性状在不同海拔高度的变异系数大小划分为3种类型,第1种是对气候条件变化最敏感的生态敏感型,如垩白度、垩白粒率,第2种是对气候条件变化反应迟钝的生态迟钝型,如糙米率、精米率、粒长,第3种是介于二者之间的中间型。随海拔升高,灌浆结实时间延长,整精米率增大,垩白度、垩白粒率变小,说明高海拔有利于改善稻米品质。
The variation characteristics of 12 quality traits of 10 hybrid rice combinations at 5 different altitudes in the same ecological zone were studied. The results showed that there were great differences in the variation of different quality traits at different altitudes. The brown rice rate, milled rice rate and grain length were relatively stable, and the average coefficient of variation of each combination was only 0.75%, 0.60% and 3.16%, while the chalkiness and chalk The rate of white grains fluctuated greatly, and the average coefficient of variation of each combination was as high as 92.28% and 66.54%. According to the cluster analysis, three types can be divided into three types based on the variation coefficient of rice quality traits at different altitudes. The first type is ecologically sensitive type which is most sensitive to climate change, such as chalkiness, chalky grain rate, The two species are slow-moving ecological retardation to climatic conditions, such as brown rice rate, milled rice rate, grain length, the third is between the intermediate type. With the elevation increasing, the time of grain filling increased, the rate of milled rice increased, the chalkiness and chalky grain rate became smaller, which indicated that high altitude could improve the quality of rice.