Experimental cryptographic verification for near-term quantum cloud computing

• 作 者: Xi Chen Bin Cheng Zhaokai Li Xinfang Nie Nengkun Yu Man-Hong Yung Xinhua Peng
• 机 构: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics,U
• 出 处: 科学通报（英文版）
• 发表日期: 2004年期
• 关键词: Quantum computation NMR quantum computing Verification Quantum cloud computing

An important task for quantum cloud computing is to make sure that there is a real quantum computer running,instead of classical simulation.Here we explore the applicability of a cryptographic verification scheme for verifying quantum cloud computing.We provided a theoretical extension and implemented the scheme on a 5-qubit NMR quantum processor in the laboratory and a 5-qubit and 16-qubit processors of the IBM quantum cloud.We found that the experimental results of the NMR processor can be verified by the scheme with about 1.4％error,after noise compensation by standard techniques.However,the fidelity of the IBM quantum cloud is currently too low to pass the test(about 42％error).This verification scheme shall become practical when servers claim to offer quantum-computing resources that can achieve quantum supremacy.