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沪深两市上市公司作为国家经济建设的主力军,在国民经济发展中发挥着重要作用。分析上市公司年报有助于通过了解企业的微观经营进而把握宏观经济金融的运行情况。基于已发布的2015年年报,本文全面梳理了上市公司的经营成果、财务状况和现金流量等生产经营情况,并对银行、券商以及钢铁、采掘等值得关注的行业进行了深入剖析。经过分析,2015年随着国家各项政策的调整,上市公司呈现出银行业资产质量下滑,钢铁、采掘等产能过剩行业经营持续恶化,行业去库存持续推进但成效不一等特点。
Listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets, as the main force of national economic construction, play an important role in the development of national economy. Analyzing the annual reports of listed companies helps to grasp the operation of macroeconomic finance by understanding the micro-management of the enterprises. Based on the published 2015 annual report, this article comprehensively sorts out the production and operation of listed companies such as operating results, financial status and cash flow, and analyzes in depth the banks, securities companies, and other industries that are worth attention in, such as steel and mining. After analysis, in 2015, with the adjustment of various national policies, the listed companies showed a decline in the quality of banking assets, continued deterioration in the industries with overcapacity such as steel and mining, and continued weakening of industries in terms of going to inventory.