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发生感染的原因人体的皮肤及粘膜具有保护作用,能防止细菌侵入,所以在人体的皮肤和粘膜上虽然经常有极多种的细菌,但是并不引起感染。当皮肤或粘膜受了创伤或失去健康时细菌就可以侵入组织或体内而发生感染、严重时尚可致命。所以在外科学上细菌是感染发生的重要原因。伤口感染的细苗多为革兰氏阳性菌,除淋球菌,脑膜炎球菌之外的各种球菌,如各种链球菌和葡萄球菌,其中以葡萄球菌感染的机会最多,约占所有创口感染的三分之二,其次为链球菌,约占十分之—,其他如大肠杆菌、变形杆菌及绿脓杆菌也能引起伤口的严重感染。
Causes of Infection The human skin and mucous membranes have a protective effect and can prevent the intrusion of bacteria. Therefore, there are often many kinds of bacteria on the skin and mucous membranes of the human body, but they do not cause infection. When the skin or mucous membrane is traumatized or loses its health, the bacteria can invade the tissues or the body and cause infections. Severe fashion can be fatal. Therefore, in the field of surgery, bacteria is an important cause of infection. Most of the wound infections are gram-positive bacteria, with the exception of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and meningococcus, such as Streptococcus and Staphylococcus, among which the chance of infection with Staphylococcus is the most, accounting for about all wound infections. Two-thirds, followed by Streptococcus, accounted for about one-tenth of that. Others such as E. coli, Proteus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa can also cause severe wound infections.