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(一) 杂种优势在作物生产中的应用,是随着现代育种学的发展逐步实现的。 自花授粉的水稻有没有杂种优势?优势显著不显著?在遗传学上曾经有过争论。但杂交水稻的迅速推广和它的增产效果,以无可辩驳的事实回答了这个问题。江西省农科院作物所,1978年对省内大面积推广及经过鉴定准备推广的24个杂交水稻组合进行相对优势和实际优势(杂交优势,超亲优势,竞争优势)测定,确认优势明显,多数性状超亲,尤以单株重表现强大的超亲优势,全部组合平均比高值亲本增产27.32％,比推广良种增产35.95％。千粒重、株高、穗长、单株有效穗、每穗实粒数及总粒数等性状,多数组合也都有明显优势。因此,杂交水稻的产量优势也是不容置疑的。
(A) the application of heterosis in crop production is gradually realized with the development of modern breeding. Is self-pollination rice heterosis? Has the advantage of being significantly less significant? There has been a debate in genetics. However, the rapid popularization of hybrid rice and its yield-increasing effect have answered this question with irrefutable facts. Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Crops, 1978, the province of large-scale promotion and identification of the promotion of 24 hybrid rice combinations for the relative advantages and the actual advantages (hybrid, super-parents advantage, competitive advantage) determination, confirmed the obvious advantages, The majority of super-progeny traits, especially the super-pro-dominant ones, showed an increase of 27.32% on average and 35.95% on the improved varieties. 1000-grain weight, plant height, spike length, effective panicles per plant, grains per panicle and total grain number and other traits, most combinations also have obvious advantages. Therefore, the yield advantage of hybrid rice is also beyond doubt.