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认识到遗传因素在人类疾病中的主导作用,是医学发展史上比较晚近的事。有关生物学特性遗传的零星记载,延续达数千年之久,包括人们经常引用的犹太教法典中的一条规定:出生于易出血者家庭中的男性,免于“割礼”(包皮环切术),但确切的遗传方式,则是到18和19世纪才开始发现的。18世纪50年代,Maupertuis描述了多指(趾)畸形的常染色体显性遗传。19世纪初就有几位作者对血友病的X连遗传特征作了报道,1820年Nasse对此型遗传方式作了正式描述。现在称为常染色体隐性的遗传方式,是Adams在1814年报道的,血亲关系的生物学后果,则是Bemiss在1857年首先报道的,1876年,Galton介绍以挛生方法,区分遗
Recognizing the leading role of genetic factors in human diseases is a relatively recent matter in the history of medical development. The sporadic record of the inheritance of biological properties lasted for thousands of years, including one of the frequently cited Jewish codes: Men born to vulnerable families were exempt from “circumcision” (circumcision) However, the exact genetic method was not discovered until the 18th and 19th centuries. In the 1850s, Maupertuis described the autosomal dominant inheritance of polydactyly. In the early 19th century, several authors reported on the X-linked hereditary characteristics of hemophilia. In 1820, Nasse made a formal description of this type of inheritance. The genetic method now known as autosomal recessiveness was reported by Adams in 1814. The biological consequences of the blood-kind relationship was first reported by Bemiss in 1857. In 1876, Galton introduced the use of a twinning method to distinguish between the remains.