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目的了解山东省寿光市企业劳动者对职业卫生知识的知晓情况,为有关部门更好地保障广大劳动者的健康权益提供参考依据。方法自制职业卫生知识调查问卷,对抽取的寿光市50家企业共1 000名接触职业病危害因素的工人进行职业卫生知识知晓情况调查。结果收回有效问卷980份,寿光市企业劳动者职业卫生相关知识总体知晓率为66.2%,其中知晓“职业病能预防”的人数最多751人,知晓率76.6%;知晓“上岗前、在岗期间、离岗时健康检查”的人数最少528人,知晓率53.9%;其中男性600人,卫生知识知晓率61.8%,女性380人,知晓率70.6%,卫生知识知晓率女性高于男性,男女间差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.04,P<0.05);调查年龄30岁以下的企业劳动者245人,卫生知识知晓率78.3%,30~40岁588人,知晓率65.3%,41岁以上147人,知晓率51.3%,3个年龄组间卫生知识知晓率差异有统计学意义(χ2=31.36,P<0.05);调查城镇户籍企业劳动者392人,卫生知识知晓率76.6%,农村户籍588人,知晓率62.1%,城镇户籍企业劳动者知晓率高于农村户籍企业劳动者,差异有统计学意义(χ2=22.69,P<0.05)。结论寿光市企业工人的职业卫生知识知晓率低,今后应加强职业卫生知识的宣传教育及培训,提高接触职业病危害因素工人的职业卫生知识水平,以更好地保护劳动者的身体健康。
Objective To understand the knowledge of occupational health in laborers in Shouguang City, Shandong Province, and to provide a reference for the departments concerned to better protect the health rights and interests of the vast numbers of laborers. Methods A questionnaire of self-made occupational health knowledge was made. A total of 1 000 workers exposed to occupational hazards were surveyed in 50 enterprises in Shouguang City for occupational health knowledge. Results There were 980 valid questionnaires retrieved. The overall awareness rate of occupational health related knowledge among workers in Shouguang City was 66.2%. Among them, the number of people who knew “prevention of occupational diseases” was 751, with a rate of 76.6%. Before the appointment, During the period, leaving the post-health examination, "the minimum number of 528 people, awareness rate of 53.9%; of which 600 men, 61.8% awareness of health knowledge, 380 women, awareness of 70.6%, awareness of health knowledge of women than men, There were statistically significant differences between men and women (χ2 = 8.04, P <0.05). There were 245 laborers under the age of 30, 78.3% of health workers, 588 of 30-40 years old, 65.3% (Χ2 = 31.36, P <0.05). There were 392 laborers in urban household registration enterprises, the awareness rate of hygiene knowledge was 76.6%, and that of rural areas There were 588 registered permanent residents, with a 62.1% awareness rate. The awareness rate of laborers in urban household registration enterprises was higher than that in rural household registered enterprises (χ2 = 22.69, P <0.05). Conclusion The awareness rate of occupational health among workers in Shouguang City is low. In the future, publicity, education and training of occupational health knowledge should be strengthened so as to raise the occupational health knowledge of workers exposed to occupational hazards so as to better protect the health of laborers.