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“九·一八”事变发生后,南京国民政府确定了对日不抵抗,将事变投诉国联解决的方针。中日两国遂在国联的“调处”下,围绕着事变展开一场外交斗争。这场斗争影响着事变的发展。本文略述斗争的梗概及经验教训。 “九·一八”事变发生后和第二天,即9月19日,中日驻国联的代表即分别向国联第65届行政院会议通报了事变发生的情况。中日两国在国联的斗争由此开始。当时,中日两国都是国联的理事国。中国由于实行不抵抗政策,将制止日军侵略的希望完全寄托于国联的“调处”。而日本则出于独占中国东北的目的,不愿国联介入。 9月21日,中国代表施肇基正式照会国联秘书长杜吕蒙:要求国联行政院根据盟约第十一条所赋予的权力,“立即采取步骤,阻止事情之扩大而危害各国间之和平,并恢复事变前原状,决定中国应得赔偿的性质与数额”。9月22日,施肇基又在行政院会议上报告日军继续占领各地的情况,并公开提出上述照会中的要求。根据盟约第十一条的规定,如发生战争或有发生战争之虞时,联盟应当采取相宜行动,以保证各国安全。按此条无对侵略国制裁的规定,当时日军的行动已属侵略战争行为,中国应援引相应条款要求对日实行制裁,但抱着
After the “September 18th Incident”, the Nanjing National Government has set forth the principle of not resisting Japan and will bring a matter of complaint to the League of Nations for solution. In the “mediation and punishment” of the League of Nations, China and Japan started a diplomatic struggle around the incident. This fight affects the development of the incident. This article outlines the outline of the struggle and lessons learned. After the “September 18 Incident” and on the second day, that is, on September 19, the representatives of China and Japan in the League of Nations informed the 65th session of the League Committee of the League of Nations about the incident. The fight between China and Japan in the League of Nations began. At that time, both China and Japan were members of the League of Nations. As a result of its non-resistance policy, China will completely restrain the hopes of the Japanese aggression against “mediation and punishment” of the League of Nations. Japan, for the sole purpose of monopolizing northeast China, did not want to be involved in the League of Nations. On September 21, Shi Zhaji, the representative of China, formally received a letter from Dujamin, the Secretary-General of the League of Nations. He demanded that the Executive Yuan of the League of Nations, in accordance with the powers conferred on him by Article 11 of the Covenant, “immediately take steps to stop things from expanding and endanger the peace among all nations and resume the incident Before the original state, decide on the nature and amount of compensation that China deserves ”. On September 22, Shi Zhaji again told the Executive Yuan at the meeting that the Japanese troops will continue to occupy various places and publicly request the above note. According to the provisions of Article 11 of the Covenant, in the event of war or the risk of war, the alliance should take appropriate actions to ensure the security of all nations. According to this article there is no requirement for the aggressor to impose sanctions. At that time, the action of the Japanese army was a war of aggression. China should invoke the corresponding articles to impose sanctions on Japan,