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为降低液压挖掘机的能量消耗,提出一种基于液压蓄能器和平衡油缸的动臂势能回收系统。以节能性为优化目标,以满足系统工作特性,减小蓄能器安装体积和延长蓄能器使用寿命为约束条件,对平衡系统的关键元件——液压蓄能器的工作压力、额定体积和充气压力等参数进行优化设计,分析不同的蓄能器体积和工作压力对系统节能效率的影响,确定最优的液压蓄能器参数;利用AMESim建立有无平衡单元的2种系统仿真模型,以3个比例节流阀和1个比例溢流阀代替传统多路阀对动臂的工作过程进行控制,并据此搭建了某1.5t液压挖掘机动臂势能回收系统试验平台。研究结果表明:仿真结果与试验结果吻合,系统的参数选择合理,仿真模型较准确;在所选取的液压蓄能器参数满足动臂操控性能和系统工作特性的前提下,动臂上升阶段,有平衡系统的无杆腔压力比无平衡系统的降低约2.5MPa,液压泵的出口压力降低约1MPa;动臂上升和下降工作周期内,势能回收和释放的整个工作周期的效率约为29%。
In order to reduce the energy consumption of hydraulic excavators, a potential energy recovery system based on hydraulic accumulators and balance cylinders is proposed. To optimize energy efficiency, to meet system operating characteristics, reduce the installation volume of the accumulator and extend the service life of the accumulator as constraints, the key component of the balance system—the working pressure and the rated volume of the hydraulic accumulator The parameters such as inflation pressure and other parameters are optimized to analyze the influence of different accumulator volume and working pressure on the energy-saving efficiency of the system, and the optimal hydraulic accumulator parameters are determined; using AMESim, two types of system simulation models with and without balance units are established; Three proportional throttle valves and one proportional relief valve were used to control the working process of the boom in place of the conventional multi-way valve, and a 1.5-ton hydraulic excavator’s boom energy recovery system test platform was built accordingly. The research results show that the simulation results are consistent with the experimental results, the system parameters are selected reasonably, and the simulation model is more accurate; under the premise that the selected hydraulic accumulator parameters meet the boom control performance and system operating characteristics, the boom rising stage has The pressure in the rodless chamber of the balance system is about 2.5MPa lower than that of the unbalanced system, and the outlet pressure of the hydraulic pump is reduced by about 1MPa; the efficiency of the whole work cycle of potential energy recovery and release is about 29% during the rising and falling work periods of the boom.