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近幾年來,由於戲曲改革的正確方針的推行,歷次社會的民主改革運動的深刻影響以及廣大藝人政治覺悟的提高,全國民間職業劇團已發生了很大的變化。上演劇目和舞台形象有了革新,劇團內部關係有了改變。除小部分仍由業主所經營的劇團及一部分成員聚散無常的流動班社之外,大部分劇團已成為由藝人自己經營和管理的‘共和班’式的劇團。這些劇團已由藝人受業主僱傭變爲藝人自己合作經營,由包銀制變為按勞取酬制;有的劇團並已開始積有公共財產(如戲箱、佈景、燈光等);劇團的領導開始採取了民主的方法。這種變化不僅基本上廢除了劇團內部的剝削關係,而且提高了藝人的政治覺悟和對劇團的責任感,提高了他們的工作積極性和創造性,這就爲戲曲藝術的改進和提高提供了有利的條件。但是目前,各地這種‘共和班’式的劇團的發展是很不平衡的,情况也不盡相同。一小部分劇團組織比較健全,政治和藝術水平亦比較高。多數的劇團還祇是初步實行合作經營,內部尚不健全和穩固,存在着下少嚴重的問題和缺點。首先是舊的制度已被革除或正在革除,新的制度一時還未能很好地建立,有的新制度還不盡合理或流於形式;藝人們在政治上雖有了顯著的進步,但是還保留不少舊的思想作風,因而在工作上仍殘留家長制作風或發生極端民主化傾向;在經濟待遇上有分配不公或平均主義思想,因而勞動紀律鬆弛,缺乏長期打算,不願積累公積金或購置公共財產;更主要的是業務上得不到改進和提高,因而不能適應廣大觀衆的需要。產生上述各種缺點,雖有其客觀的、社會的和歷史的原因,但各級文化主管部門對於民間職業劇團缺乏經常領導和具體幫助,却是一個重要原因。
In recent years, due to the correct guidelines for the reform of the drama, the profound influence of the democratic reform movement in all previous societies, and the improvement of political consciousness of the vast number of artists, great changes have taken place in the non-governmental professional theater troupes nationwide. There was a revolution in the performance of the stage and the stage, and the internal relations of the troupe changed. Apart from a small number of the troupes run by the owners and some of the most irregularly-run mobile clubs, most of the troupes have become “Republican-style” troupes run and managed by the artists themselves. These troupes have been converted from entertainers by employers to co-operators by entertainers themselves. The system has been transformed into a pay-as-you-go system; some troupes have started to accumulate public property (such as drama boxes, sets, lighting, etc.); theater leaders Started to adopt a democratic approach. This change not only abolished the exploitation relations within the theater, but also increased the artist’s political awareness and responsibility to the troupe and improved their enthusiasm and creativity, which provided favorable conditions for the improvement and improvement of opera art. . However, at present, the development of this kind of “republican” troupe is very uneven and the situation is different. A small number of theatrical troupes are sound and have a high political and artistic level. Most of the troupes are still only the initial implementation of cooperative management, the internal is not sound and stable, there are less serious problems and shortcomings. First of all, the old system has been eradicated or is being eradicated. The new system has not been well established for some time. Some of the new systems are still not rational or mere formality. Artists have made significant political progress but But also retain a lot of old ideological style, and thus remain in the work of the parental style of production or extreme democratization tendency; unequal distribution or equalitarianism in the economic treatment of thinking, so labor discipline relaxation, lack of long-term plan, reluctant to accumulate provident fund Or buy public property; more importantly, the business can not be improved and enhanced, and therefore can not meet the needs of the general audience. Despite all the above-mentioned shortcomings, they are objective, social and historical reasons. However, the cultural departments at all levels lack regular leadership and specific help for private professional troupes, but this is an important reason.