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针对某厂生产的304不锈钢出现的表面裂纹及凹坑等缺陷,测定了该钢种直径为15 mm棒材在750~1 350℃内的强度及塑性,并分析其断裂方式及高温组织。结果表明,1 200℃之后试样的抗拉强度降低至30 MPa以下,屈服强度降低至20 MPa以下,高温强度变差;断面收缩率在800~900℃之间为65%以上,1 040~1 220℃其值平均为70%,塑性较好;在950~1 020℃的低塑性区范围内,试样的断裂方式为延晶断裂;1 300℃时的高温组织为奥氏体与少量不规则铁素体。
According to the defects such as surface cracks and pits of 304 stainless steel produced in a factory, the strength and ductility of the 15 mm steel bar with the diameter of 15 mm at 750 ~ 1 350 ℃ were measured and the fracture mode and the high temperature structure were analyzed. The results show that after 1 200 ℃, the tensile strength of the sample decreases to below 30 MPa, the yield strength decreases below 20 MPa, the high temperature strength deteriorates; the reduction of area between 65% and 800% is between 900 and 900 ℃, 1 220 ℃, the average value of 70%, good plasticity; in the low plastic zone of 950 ~ 1 020 ℃, the fracture mode for the sample is the grain growth; high temperature austenite at 1 300 ℃ and a small amount of Irregular ferrite.