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分析了金属基复合材料中热残余应力的形成机理及表现特点 ,并对几种常用的测定金属基复合材料残余应力的方法进行了分析比较 ,普通 X射线法虽然简便、经济 ,但穿透能力有限 ,所测值仅反映试样表面的残余应力状态 ;中子衍射的区域较大 ,测出的仅是残余应力平均值。X射线能量扩散衍射法虽然穿透能力较强 ,能测出试样内部较深范围的残余应力 ,但由于产生衍射法穿透力强 ,分辨率高 ,能测出复合材料内部的残余应力场梯度 ,是测定金属基复合材料残余应力的较有效的方法。
The formation mechanism and characteristics of thermal residual stress in metal matrix composites are analyzed. Several commonly used methods for determining the residual stress of metal matrix composites are analyzed and compared. Although ordinary X-ray method is simple and economical, the penetrating ability Limited, the measured value only reflects the residual stress state of the sample surface; neutron diffraction area larger, measured only the average residual stress. Although X-ray energy diffusive diffraction method has stronger penetrating ability and can detect the residual stress in the deeper part of the specimen, the residual stress field inside the composite material can be measured due to the strong penetrating power and high resolution of the diffraction method Gradient, is to determine the residual stress of metal matrix composites more effective method.