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被认为是现代政治哲学鼻祖的霍布斯,他所推崇的德性似为资产者或曰中等阶级的德性,然而施特劳斯指出,霍布斯早年一度推崇“贵族德性”。根据施特劳斯的解释,之所以有这种转变是因为,霍布斯所理解的“贵族德性”和中等阶级德性有着根本一致之处,即它们都是“自我意识”的德性。一旦“自我意识”的德性压倒了“自我认知”的德性,政治哲学就发生了传统向现代的转变,即施特劳斯所谓的“古今之变”。施特劳斯认为古典政治哲学在其内部已经妥善处理了“自我认知”与“自我意识”这两种德性的关系。本文附带点明了《理想国》对《霍布斯的政治哲学》的影响。
Hobbes, regarded as the originator of modern political philosophy, is praised by his bourgeois or middle class virtues. However, Strauss pointed out that Hobbes once praised his “nobility” in his early years. According to Strauss’s explanation, the reason for such a shift is that the “aristocrats” understood by Hobbes are fundamentally in accord with the virtue of the middle classes, that is, they are all “self-conscious ”Virtue. Once the morality of “self-awareness” overwhelms the virtue of “self-cognition,” the political philosophy has undergone a shift from the traditional to the modern one, which Strauss calls the “ancient and modern transformation.” Strauss considered classical political philosophy has properly handled the relationship between “self-cognition” and “self-awareness” in its internal. The paper points out the impact of the “dreamland” on “Hobbes’s political philosophy.”