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用LKB平板电泳仪聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定了长江、珠江及黑龙江的鲢、鳙及草鱼的原种8个种群16个酶位点的遗传变异。同种鱼不同水系种群之间存在着明显的生化遗传差异。长江、珠江、黑龙江鲢鱼种群的多态位点的比例分别是13.3％、26.7％、13.3％,平均杂合度分别是0.0493、0.0484、0.0511;长江、珠江鳙鱼种群的多态位点的比例都是31.3％,平均杂合度分别是0.1375,0.0977;长江、珠江、黑龙江草鱼种群的多态位点比例分别是30％,38％,23.1％,平均杂合度分别是0.1241,0.0961,0.0525。南方种群的多态位点比例有比北方的高的趋向。长江鲢—珠江鲢,长江鲢—黑龙江鲢,珠江鲢—黑龙江鲢的遗传相似度依次是0.9957,0.9955及0.9696;长江鳙—珠江鳙的遗传相似度是0.9955;长江草鱼—珠江草鱼,珠江草鱼—黑龙江草鱼,长江草鱼—黑龙江草鱼的遗传相似度依次是0.9679、0.9483及0.9324。长江种群与珠江种群这两个中央群体间的遗传差异较小,边缘群体黑龙江种群与中央群体长江、珠江种群间的遗传差异较大。黑龙江草鱼种群很小,其资源的保护工作应引起注意。
The genetic variation of 16 loci in 8 populations of silver carp, bighead carp and grass carp in the Yangtze River, Pearl River, and Heilongjiang were determined by LKB plate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. There are obvious biochemical genetic differences among different aquatic species in the same species. The proportions of the polymorphic loci of the silver carp populations in the Yangtze River, Pearl River and Heilongjiang were 13.3%, 26.7% and 13.3% respectively, with the average heterozygosity of 0.0493, 0.0484 and 0.0511 respectively. The proportion of polymorphic loci in the Yangtze River and Pearl River Were 31.3% and the average heterozygosity was 0.1375,0.0977 respectively. The percentage of polymorphic loci in grass carp populations of Yangtze River, Pearl River and Heilongjiang was 30%, 38% and 23.1% respectively, and the average heterozygosity was 0.1241, 0.0961 and 0.0525, respectively. The proportion of polymorphic loci in southern populations tends to be higher than in the north. The genetic similarity of the Yangtze River silver carp, the Pearl River carp and the Yangtze River silver carp, the Heilongjiang silver carp, the Pearl River carp and the Heilongjiang silver carp were 0.9957, 0.9955 and 0.9696, respectively. The genetic similarity between the Yangtze River and Pearl River water was 0.9955. Genetic similarities of grass carp in Heilongjiang and grass carp in Yangtze River-Grass carp in Heilongjiang were 0.9679, 0.9483 and 0.9324, respectively. The genetic differences between the two central populations of the Yangtze River population and the Pearl River population are small, and the genetic differences between the Heilongjiang population and the Central population of the Yangtze River and Pearl River populations are relatively large. Heilongjiang grass carp population is very small, the protection of its resources should be noted.