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目的:检测西宁地区变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)患者主要吸入性变应原及其年龄、季节分布情况,为临床诊断、治疗及预防提供依据。方法:采用10种吸入性变应原对326例AR的患者进行血清特异性IgE检测,分析西宁地区AR患者吸入性变应原季节及年龄分布特点。结果:326例患者中242例(74.2%)血清特异性IgE呈阳性,西宁地区居前三位的变应原分别是艾蒿、螨组合(屋尘螨/粉尘螨)、树组合(柳树/杨树/榆树)。螨虫组合变应原阳性率未成年组明显高于成年组,差异有显著性(X~2=6.03,P<0.05)。变应原阳性率(4~9)月份明显高于(3~10)月份。艾蒿变应原阳性率在(7~9)月份明显高于其他月份,差异有统计学意义(X~2=37.00,P<0.05)。而树组合在(4~6)月份明显高于其他月份,差异有统计学意义(X~2=31.20,P<0.05)。螨虫组合在不同月份变应原阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:西宁地区AR患者的主要吸入性致敏原为艾蒿、螨组合(屋尘螨和粉尘螨)和树组合(柳树/杨树/榆树),(4~9)月是西宁地区AR的高发季节。
Objective: To detect the main inhalation allergens and their age and season distribution in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) in Xining area, and provide the basis for clinical diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Methods: Serum specific IgE was detected in 326 AR patients with 10 inhalational allergens. The seasonal and age distribution characteristics of inhaled allergens in AR patients in Xining were analyzed. Results: Serum specific IgE was positive in 242 of 326 patients (74.2%). The top three allergens were mugwort, mites (house dust mite / dust mite) and tree combinations (willow / Poplar / elm). The positive rate of mite allergen was significantly higher in young group than that in adult group (X ~ 2 = 6.03, P <0.05). Allergen positive rate (4 ~ 9) month was significantly higher than (3 ~ 10) month. The positive rate of mugwort allergen was significantly higher than that of the other months (from July to September), with significant difference (X ~ 2 = 37.00, P <0.05). However, the tree combinations were significantly higher in the months of (4-6) than in other months, with significant differences (X ~ 2 = 31.20, P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of allergens between mites in different months (P> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The main inhaled allergens in AR patients in Xining are Artemisia, mites (house dust mite and dust mite) and tree combinations (willow / poplar / elm) and (4-9) months AR in Xining High season.