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金属体积成形预成形设计 ,是材料多工序成形工艺与模具设计的中心工作。如何设计预锻件形状和预锻模形状是生产合格终锻件的关键 ,也是模具设计的难点之一。预成形优化设计是采用了优化技术的预成形设计 ,是发展的预成形设计 ,在国内外得到了广泛研究。本文首先介绍了预成形设计所依据的知识和采用的主要手段 :基于以往丰富经验的经验性指导原则、物理模拟技术和基于数值模拟的计算机辅助设计。然后对处于当今预成形设计的主流方法—基于数值模拟的预成形设计的两个发展阶段 ,即预成形设计和预成形优化设计进行了介绍。其次对常用的正向模拟和反向模拟预成形设计方法和常用的基于灵敏度分析的正向模拟优化法、直接微分法、拟合优化法、微观遗传算法等预成形优化设计方法的基本原理、特点及应用进行了介绍和总结。最后指出了预成形设计的发展趋势。
Metal Volume Forming Pre-forming design is a multi-process material forming process and mold design center. How to design the shape of the pre-forging and the shape of the pre-die is the key to producing the qualified final forgings and also one of the difficulties in the design of the die. Preform optimization design is a preform design that uses optimization techniques and is a pre-formed design developed that has been extensively studied both at home and abroad. This paper begins with an introduction to the knowledge and the main tools behind preform designs: empirical guidelines based on past experience, physical simulation techniques, and computer aided design based on numerical simulation. Then we introduce the two development phases of preform design, the preform design and preform optimization design, which are the mainstream methods in today’s preform design. Secondly, the basic principles of pre-forming optimization design methods such as forward modeling and forward simulation based on sensitivity analysis, direct differential method, fitting optimization method and microscopic genetic algorithm are introduced. Features and applications were introduced and summarized. Finally, the trend of preform design is pointed out.