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在财政分权体制下,电力行业实行“省为实体”和中央与地方分级管理的体制,省级政府对居民电价水平的监管决策直接影响本地居民电费负担。居民电费可承受力反映了地方政府决策对增长与公平的偏好结构。全国层面检验结果显示,财政分权和官员晋升促使地方政府合理关注居民电费可承受力问题,全国总体上没有体现出明显的为追求GDP增长而忽视公平的倾向。分地区检验结果显示,东部地区体现出和谐发展的模式,但中部地区具有明显的“为富不仁”现象,西部地区则是不可持续的增长与公平状态。居民电费可承受力地区差异说明,资源禀赋并不是决定地区居民电费可承受力的主要因素,地方政府执政理念和决策偏好决定了增长与公平的平衡性。因此,在重构中央与地方财政分权体制中,建立包容性地方公共治理体系、深化市场化改革和精准扶贫至关重要。
Under the system of fiscal decentralization, the power industry implements a system of “province as entity” and a hierarchical management system between the central government and local governments. The provincial government’s regulatory decision on the price level of residents directly affects the local residents’ electricity bill. The affordability of residents’ electricity fees reflects the preference structure of local government decision-making on growth and equity. Test results at the national level show that fiscal decentralization and promotion of officials have prompted local governments to pay due attention to the issue of affordability of residential electricity tariffs. The whole country did not generally reflect the obvious tendency of ignoring fairness in pursuit of GDP growth. The result of subregion inspection shows that the eastern region shows the pattern of harmonious development. However, the central region has a clear phenomenon of “being benevolent and righteous,” while the western region is an unsustainable growth and fairness. Resident electric fee affordability differences in the region shows that resource endowment is not the main factor determining the affordability of residents in the region, local government governance ideas and decision-making preferences determine the balance between growth and fairness. Therefore, in reconstructing the system of fiscal decentralization at the central and local levels, it is of crucial importance to establish an inclusive local public governance system, deepen market-oriented reforms and accurately reduce poverty.