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目的通过对某钢铁公司职工进行职业卫生健康教育,了解职工对《职业病防治法》和职业卫生相关知识的知晓情况,评价健康教育的效果。方法健康教育前后进行《职业病防治法》和职业卫生相关知识考试,将每份试卷答题情况用Epidata输入电脑建立数据库,再用SPSS11.0对健康教育前后个人得分情况和每道题回答正确的情况进行分析。结果健康教育前个人平均成绩为(75.26±9.67)分,健康教育后个人平均成绩为(90.39±4.72)分,成绩有明显提高(P<0.01)。职业健康教育后对《职业病防治法》了解程度很熟悉的由教育前的4.9%上升到教育后的56.9%(P<0.01)。职业健康教育前《职业病防治法》知识知晓率平均得分为(78.10±19.05)分,教育后为(92.80±10.72)分(P<0.01)。职业健康教育后对我国法定职业病范围和种类的知晓率提高最明显(P<0.01),前后提高了62.05%。教育前后职工对游离二氧化硅分布的认识由38.8%上升到65.0%(P<0.01);在关于职业有害因素的认知中因为题型为多选题,难度较高,正确率偏低,健康教育前后对职业病危害因素分类的知晓率分别为77.7%与91.9%(P<0.01);健康教育前后防止有害因素方法的知晓率分别为22.3%和75.6%(P<0.01)。结论职业健康教育对《职业病防治法》、职业卫生知识知晓率有明显提高,达到了良好的效果。
Objective To understand the effect of health education by understanding the employees’ knowledge of occupational diseases and occupational health through the health education of employees in a steel company. Methods Before and after health education, “Occupational Disease Prevention Law” and occupational health-related knowledge test were conducted. Epidata input computer was used to establish the database for each question answering questions. Then SPSS11.0 was used to answer the question about the individual scores before and after health education and the correct answer Analyze. Results The average score of individual before health education was (75.26 ± 9.67) points, and the average score of individual after health education was (90.39 ± 4.72) points, with a significant improvement (P <0.01). Occupational health education after the Occupational Disease Prevention Act is familiar with the understanding of 4.9% before education increased to 56.9% after education (P <0.01). Before the occupational health education, the average awareness rate of knowledge about occupational disease prevention and treatment was (78.10 ± 19.05) points and (92.80 ± 10.72) points after education (P0.01). Occupational health education increased the awareness of the scope and type of statutory occupational diseases in our country significantly (P <0.01), and increased by 62.05%. Before and after education, the awareness of the distribution of free silica increased from 38.8% to 65.0% (P <0.01). In the cognition of occupational harmful factors, because of the multiple choice of questions, high difficulty and low correctness, The awareness rate of occupational hazard classification before and after health education was 77.7% and 91.9%, respectively (P <0.01). The awareness rate of preventing harmful factors before and after health education was 22.3% and 75.6% respectively (P <0.01). Conclusion Occupational Health Education has significantly improved the awareness rate of Occupational Disease Prevention Law and occupational health knowledge and achieved good results.