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目的观察不同年级小学生远视力和眼轴长度相关性,为近视防治寻找监控点。设计横断面调查。研究对象北京市羊坊店学区全部小学的一年级、四年级学生2970例。方法采用标准对数视力表测量远视力,光学相干生物测量仪(IOLMaster)测量眼轴长度。取右眼测量值统计分析。主要指标远视力,眼轴长度,视力不良比例。结果一年级组(年龄6.44±0.52岁)、四年级组(9.25±0.46岁)眼轴长分别为(22.73±0.72)mm(n=1270)、(23.66±0.93)mm(n=1672)(P=0.000);一年级组、四年级组远视力分别为(1.02±0.26)(n=1282)、(0.86±0.42)(n=1494)(P=0.000)。一年级组眼轴长与远视力无明显相关性(r=0.019,P=0.495);四年级组眼轴长与远视力呈明显负相关性(r=-0.425,P=0.000)。眶轴长>24.00 mm的学生,视力不良率最高。结论小学生视力和眼轴发育随着年龄的增加而改变,小学生眼轴超过24 mm是近视防治监控点。
Objective To observe the relationship between distance vision and ocular axial length of pupils in different grades and to find a monitoring point for myopia prevention and treatment. Design cross-sectional survey. Subjects: 2970 freshman and fourth grade students from all primary schools in Yangfangdian District of Beijing. Methods The standard logarithmic visual acuity chart was used to measure distance vision. The axial length was measured by IOLMaster. Take the right eye measurement statistical analysis. The main indicators of far vision, axial length, poor eyesight ratio. Results The axial lengths of the first grade group (age 6.44 ± 0.52 years) and the fourth grade group (9.25 ± 0.46 years) were (22.73 ± 0.72) mm (n = 1270) and (23.66 ± 0.93) mm (n = 1672) P = 0.000). The visual acuity of the first grade and the fourth grade were (1.02 ± 0.26) (n = 1282) and (0.86 ± 0.42) (n = 1494) respectively (P = 0.000). There was no significant correlation between axial length and far vision in the first grade group (r = 0.019, P = 0.495). There was a negative correlation between axial length and far vision in the fourth grade group (r = -0.425, P = 0.000). Students with orbital axial length> 24.00 mm had the highest rate of visual impairment. Conclusion The pupils ’visual acuity and axial development change with the increase of their age. The pupils’ axial length exceeding 24 mm is the monitoring point of myopia control.