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在表面物理、表面化学和材料科学的某些领域中,表面的重要性自不待言.但在原子、分子尺度上,物质表面的微观世界究竟如何,在扫描隧道显微镜(STM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)发明之前,人们并没有任何一种实验手段可在实空间内直接观察物质表面一个或几个原子层的微观结构.因此,世界上第一台STM的发明者,IBM公司苏黎世实验室的葛·宾尼(Gerd Binnig)博士和海·罗雷尔(Heinich Rohrer)博士荣获了1986年度诺贝尔物理奖.STM的问世,使人类第一次能够实时观察到原子在物质表面的排列状态和与表面电子行为有关的物理化学性质,被科学界誉为是对表面科学和表面现象分析技术的革命.
In some areas of surface physics, surface chemistry, and materials science, the importance of the surface goes without saying, but at the atomic and molecular scales, what is the microscopic world of the material surface? In scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM Before the invention, there was not any experimental means to directly observe the microstructure of one or several atomic layers on the surface of the material, so the inventor of the first STM in the world, Dr. Gerd Binnig and Dr. Heinrich Rohrer won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986. The advent of STM enabled mankind to observe for the first time in real time the arrangement of atoms on the material surface and with The physical and chemical properties related to surface electronic behavior have been hailed by the scientific community as a revolution in the analysis of surface science and surface phenomena.