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[目的]根据上海市宝山区人口变化特点提出公共卫生工作重点和管理策略。[方法]分析宝山区2000年第五次和2010年第六次人口普查资料,总结人口变化特点。[结果]10年间,居住在宝山区的本区户籍、外区县户籍和外省市户籍人口都在增加。本区户籍人口中60岁及以上人口的比例已达22.12%,且生活不能自理老人占3.59%。外区县户籍人口增幅高达112.95%,主要职业构成、家庭住户卫生设施等情况与本区户籍人口相近,且集中在大场、顾村、张庙、高境、淞南等部分街镇。本区的外省市户籍人口增幅最大,为137.61%,占全区总人口的40.22%。全区有一半的街镇中外省市户籍人口数明显超过本区户籍人口数,主要集中在大场、杨行、顾村等街镇,饮用自来水,拥有独立厨房、卫生间和洗浴设施的比例远远小于本区户籍、外区县户籍人口。外省市户籍人口以青壮年为主,户籍以安徽和江苏省为主,职业以生产运输设备操作人员和商业服务业为主。[结论]本区户籍人口的公共卫生问题主要是慢性疾病,公共卫生服务管理应围绕慢性病防治为主。外区县户籍人口公共卫生管理方法可参照本区户籍人口。外省市户籍人口的公共卫生问题主要是传染病,同时要关注职业病,公共卫生服务管理应围绕防控传染病、职业病为主。
[Objective] Based on the characteristics of population changes in Baoshan District, Shanghai, the paper puts forward the key points and management strategies of public health. [Methods] The Baoshan District in 2000 the fifth time and the 2010 sixth census data to summarize the characteristics of population changes. [Results] In the 10 years, the household registrations in this area, the household registrations in other districts and counties as well as the census register population in other provinces and cities increased. The proportion of the population aged 60 and over in the census register population in this district has reached 22.12%, and the proportion of the elderly who can not take care of themselves is 3.59%. The population of registered permanent residents in outer districts and counties increased by as much as 112.95%. The main occupational composition and health facilities of domestic households are similar to those of the registered permanent residence in this area, and are concentrated in some markets such as Grand Field, Gu Village, Zhangmiao, Gaojing and Songnan. The largest increase in the household population of other provinces and municipalities in this area was 137.61%, accounting for 40.22% of the total population in the region. Half of the towns in the region have a significantly larger household population than the number of registered permanent residents in the cities of China and foreign countries, mainly concentrated in the streets of Dachangchang, Yangxing and Gucun, drinking tap water, and having a large proportion of independent kitchens, toilets and bathing facilities Much smaller than the district household, outside the county household population. Other provinces and cities registered population to young and middle-aged, household registration to Anhui and Jiangsu-based, occupation to the production of transport equipment operators and commercial service-based. [Conclusion] The public health problems of the household population in this district are mainly chronic diseases, and the management of public health services should focus on the prevention and control of chronic diseases. The method of public health management of the registered permanent residents in the outer districts and counties can refer to the census register population in this area. The public health problems of the household population of other provinces and municipalities are mainly infectious diseases while paying attention to occupational diseases. The management of public health services should focus on prevention and control of infectious diseases and occupational diseases.