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一、引言温度是一个重要的物理量,它是国际单位制中七个基本量之一。它之所以重要,是因为与许多其它物理量的关系十分密切,因而,在国民经济中占有重要的地位。例如在冶金、机械制造、交通运输、能源、宇航、化工、轻纺、食品、医疗卫生等行业中,以及在金属、非金属物性研究中,温度的准确测量和精密控制都是至关重要的。随着我国改革开放的进展,国际科技、贸易的交往日益频繁,引进的外资、独资项目迅速增加,因此,温度量值的国内外统一就显得格外重要了。温度测量的国际统一标准是国际温标(ITS),而我国历来采用此温标作为国家的法定标准。目前,我国执行的是1968年国际实用温标—1975年修正本〔IPTS
I. INTRODUCTION Temperature is an important physical quantity and one of the seven basic units in the international system of units. It is important because it is closely related to many other physical quantities and therefore plays an important role in the national economy. For example, in the metallurgical, mechanical manufacturing, transportation, energy, aerospace, chemical, textile, food, medical and health industries, as well as in the metal, non-metallic physical properties, accurate measurement of temperature and precision control are crucial . With the progress of China’s reform and opening up, the frequent exchanges of international science and technology and trade and the rapid increase of foreign-funded and sole-proprietorship projects have made it particularly important for the domestic and overseas reunification of temperature values. The international standard for temperature measurement is International Temperature Scale (ITS), which has always been adopted by our country as the national legal standard. At present, our country is implementing the 1968 International Practical Temperature Scale - the 1975 Revision (IPTS)