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1942年5月,毛泽东在延安文艺座谈会先后做了两次演讲,这在思想史上被简称为《讲话》(1)。此后,无论在根据地还是共和国,《讲话》所表征的毛泽东文艺思想一直是中共制定文艺政策的终极依据。所以,20世纪中国文学史研究若想弄清这一时段的流变,就须对《讲话》与文艺境况的关系做深入探究。这就是说,纵观中国文学百年,最具“中国特色”的时段,或许正是从1942年《讲话》发表到1972年“样板戏”定型这30年。如把
In May 1942, Mao Zedong made two speeches successively at the Yan’an Literature and Art Symposium, which was briefly referred to as “Speech” in the history of ideas (1). Since then, Mao Zedong’s literary and art thoughts characterized by “speech” has always been the ultimate basis for the formulation of the literary and art policy of the CPC, both in the base area and the Republic. Therefore, if we want to find out the change of this period in the study of the history of Chinese literature in the 20th century, we must probe into the relationship between “speech” and the literary situation. That is to say, looking at the hundred years of Chinese literature, the most time-consuming period with “Chinese characteristics” may have been published from 1942’s Speech to 1972’s “Model Opera” for 30 years. As put