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目的:对比二者在视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病(NMOSD)患者中应用的安全性及有效性.方法:回顾性收集34例服用硫唑嘌呤(AZA)或环孢素A(Cy-A)的NMOSD患者的临床资料.根据患者服药情况分为AZA组与Cy-A组.分别比较两组间EDSS评分、年复发率(ARR),评价2种药物的有效性;分别比较两组间药物不良反应的种类及比例,评价安全性.结果:本研究纳入34例NMOSD患者,女性29例(85.29％),男性5例(14.71％).17例服用Cy-A,17例服用AZA.Cy-A治疗组的中位EDSS从3.5(2.0,4.0)降至1.0(1.0,4.0)(P =0.038),中位ARR从1.0(1.0,2.0)降至0.3(0.0,0.6) (P ＜0.000).AZA治疗组的中位EDSS从4.0(2.0,4.63)降到1.0(1.0,5.0)(P=0.007),中位ARR从2.0(0.9,3.0)降到0.3(0.0,0.5) (P ＜0.000 1).两组间疗效无显著差异(P＞0.05).其中17例发生不良反应,主要为肝功能异常与白细胞减少,两组间不良反应无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论:AZA及Cy-A在治疗NMOSD患者的有效性及安全性方面相似.“,”Objective:To conducted the comparison of efficacy and safety between cyclosporine A (Cy-A) and azathioprine (AZA) in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) patients.Methods:We collected 34 NMOSD patients who were either on Cy-A or AZA therapy,and reviewed their clinical information from the beginning to last follow-up (2 years).All patients were divided by two groups based on the two kinds of immunosuppressants.The efficacy of each therapy was estimated by the change of EDSS and annual relapse rate (ARR).The safety was evaluated by the species of adverse events,as well as their occurring rate after taking immunosuppressants.Results:34 NMOSD patients were enrolled.29 (85.29％) were female and 5 (14.71％) were male.17 of patients were taking Cy-A,other 17 were on AZA therapy.After patients taking Cy-A,the median EDSS reduced from 3.5 (2.0,4.0) to 1.0 (1.0,4.0) (P=0.038),and the median ARR reduced from 1.0 (1.0,2.0) to 0.3 (0.0,0.6) (P ＜ 0.000 1).After patients taking AZA,the median EDSS reduced from 4.0 (2.0,4.63) to 1.0 (1.0,5.0) (P=0.007) and median ARR reduced from 2.0 (0.9,3.0) to0.3 (0.0,0.5) (P ＜ 0.000 1).There was no significant difference in EDSS and ARR between Cy-A and AZA (P ＞ 0.05).17 of 34 patients were suffered from adverse reactions.The main adverse reactions were hepatic dysfunction and leukocytopenia.There was no significant difference in species of adverse events,as well as their occurring rate between Cy-A and AZA (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion:Both Cy-A and AZA therapy had a significant efficiency without significant discrepancy in relapse prevention therapy of NMOSD.There was no difference in safety of these two immunosuppressants.