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1912年4月5日,以袁世凯为头目的北洋军阀集团,攫取辛亥革命胜利果实,迁都北京,建立了“中华民国政府”,史称“北洋政府”。1914年6月,北洋军阀政权,凭借其军事力量,强行按照《袁记约法》的规定,重定行政体制,对依据《中华民国临时约法》建立的原有国家机构进行改组。除了加强袁世凯总统的独裁权力之外,还对行政机构作了具体的变更,如设政事堂以取代国务院,并调整、压缩各部组织,规定由大总统领导,各部总长不负独立的行政责任。与此同时,处理行政诉讼案件的平政院,以及纠弹官吏提起行政诉讼的肃政厅也应运而出。
On April 5, 1912, the Northern Warlord Group headed by Yuan Shikai seized the fruits of the victory of the 1911 Revolution, relocated to Beijing, and established the “Republic of China Government,” which was known as the “Beiyang Government.” In June 1914, the Beiyang warlord regime, by virtue of its military capabilities, forced the reorganization of the administrative system and the reorganization of the existing state institutions established under the Provisional Covenant on ROC according to the “Yuan Kejiao Law.” In addition to strengthening the authoritarian authority of President Yuan Shikai, he also made specific changes to the executive body such as setting a political office to replace the State Council and adjusting and compressing the ministries and organizations to stipulate that the leadership of the president and the chief ministers should bear independent administrative responsibilities. At the same time, the plaintiffs’ courts handling administrative litigation cases as well as the government agencies responsible for counterfeiting officials filed administrative proceedings should also come out.